Third world debt Vs Need for Technology :: Business and Management Studies

Third world debt Vs Need for Technology Background and underlying concepts: Many developing countries have very large debts accumulated since the 80’s, and the amount of money that they owe is quickly increasing dramatically. Trying to pay off these debts has become a serious problem for these countries, as they now owe money to commercial banks and also to organisations like the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund, and to First World governments. During the last fifteen years around $1.3 trillion was paid by the third world countries to the developed countries in the form of loan repayments and interest on the loans. Every month around $12 billion is passed on from economically poor counties to the developed countries in debt servicing. In sub-Saharan Africa, some countries spend almost half their national budget on financing debt owed to the rich western nations. This is the reason why these counties cannot invest in technology to develop their own country. The technology market is vast industry that is always changing with time. It is estimated that around 5.5 billion people do not have access to technology such as the Internet, as computer are to expensive for these people. While over half of the UK households are online, only 0.1% of homes in Bangladesh and India have access to the Internet. As this was a huge concern a company based in India produce a low cost handheld computer named ‘Simputer’. The device would only cost around $240. The device would enable people or a village to access the Internet and perform transaction and any other information that would be accessible via the Internet. Villages tended to by these as it help educate the kids within these villages. Current Situation: Figures published by the World Bank shows that the total external debt per country is as follows. * Indonesia $132.2bn * India $104.4bn * Thailand $59.2bn * Malaysia $48.6bn * Sri Lanka $9.6bn * Somalia $2.7bn * Seychelles $560m * Maldives $270m The annual repayment cost for theses countries are as follows: * Indonesia $13.7bn * India $13bn * Thailand $17.9bn * Sri Lanka $653m * Maldives $20.8m In Africa the debt crises is so bad that around 315 million Africans live on less than $1 a day. The G7 minister are planning to cancel up to 100% of the debt owed, this would mean that around 37 developing counties would benefit from this proposed scheme. According to the JDC (Jubilee Debt Campaign), only $36.3bn, or less than 10%, of debt has been cancelled to date. Pakistan has paid off most of its debt that was owed to US. This was done the incentives given by the American government and its allies in

Deception Point Page 38

Tench stood suddenly, her lanky frame dominating the cramped space. With the cigarette dangling from her lips, she walked over to a wall safe, removed a thick manila envelope, returned to the desk, and sat back down. Gabrielle eyed the burgeoning envelope. Tench smiled, cradling the envelope in her lap like a poker player holding a royal flush. Her yellowed fingertips flicked at the corner, making an annoying repetitive scratch, as if savoring the anticipation. Gabrielle knew it was just her own guilty conscience, but her first fears were that the envelope contained some kind of proof of her sexual indiscretion with the senator. Ridiculous, she thought. The encounter had occurred after hours in Sexton's locked senatorial office. Not to mention, if the White House actually had any evidence, they would have gone public with it already. They may be suspicious, Gabrielle thought, but they don't have proof. Tench crushed out her cigarette. â€Å"Ms. Ashe, whether or not you are aware, you are caught in the middle of a battle that has been raging behind the scenes in Washington since 1996.† This opening gambit was not at all what Gabrielle expected. â€Å"I beg your pardon?† Tench lit another cigarette. Her spindly lips curled around it, and the tip glowed red. â€Å"What do you know about a bill called the Space Commercialization Promotions Act?† Gabrielle had never heard of it. She shrugged, lost. â€Å"Really?† Tench said. â€Å"That surprises me. Considering your candidate's platform. The Space Commercialization Promotions Act was proposed back in 1996 by Senator Walker. The bill, in essence, cites the failure of NASA to do anything worthwhile since putting a man on the moon. It calls for the privatization of NASA by immediately selling off NASA assets to private aerospace companies and allowing the free-market system to explore space more efficiently, thus relieving the burden NASA now places on taxpayers.† Gabrielle had heard NASA critics suggest privatization as a solution to NASA's woes, but she was not aware the idea had actually taken the form of an official bill. â€Å"This commercialization bill,† Tench said, â€Å"has been presented to Congress four times now. It is similar to bills that have successfully privatized government industries like uranium production. Congress has passed the space commercialization bill all four times it has seen it. Thankfully, the White House vetoed it on all occasions. Zachary Herney has had to veto it twice.† â€Å"Your point?† â€Å"My point is that this bill is one Senator Sexton will certainly support if he becomes President. I have reason to believe Sexton will have no qualms about selling off NASA assets to commercial bidders the first chance he gets. In short, your candidate would support privatization over having American tax dollars fund space exploration.† â€Å"To my knowledge, the senator has never commented publicly about his stance on any Space Commercialization Promotions Act.† â€Å"True. And yet knowing his politics, I assume you would not be surprised if he supported it.† â€Å"Free-market systems tend to breed efficiency.† â€Å"I'll take that as a ‘yes.'† Tench stared. â€Å"Sadly, privatizing NASA is an abominable idea, and there are countless reasons why every White House administration since the bill's inception has shot it down.† â€Å"I've heard the arguments against privatizing space,† Gabrielle said, â€Å"and I understand your concerns.† â€Å"Do you?† Tench leaned toward her. â€Å"Which arguments have you heard?† Gabrielle shifted uneasily. â€Å"Well, the standard academic fears mostly-the most common being that if we privatize NASA, our current pursuit of scientific space knowledge would be quickly abandoned in favor of profitable ventures.† â€Å"True. Space science would die in a heartbeat. Instead of spending money to study our universe, private space companies would strip-mine asteroids, build tourist hotels in space, offer commercial satellite launch services. Why would private companies bother studying the origins of our universe when it would cost them billions and show no financial return?† â€Å"They wouldn't,† Gabrielle countered. â€Å"But certainly a National Endowment for Space Science could be founded to fund academic missions.† â€Å"We already have that system in place. It's called NASA.† Gabrielle fell silent. â€Å"The abandonment of science in favor of profits is a side issue,† Tench said. â€Å"Hardly relevant compared to the utter chaos that would result by permitting the private sector to run free in space. We would have the wild west all over again. We would see pioneers staking claims on the moon and on asteroids and protecting those claims with force. I've heard petitions from companies who want to build neon billboards that blink advertisements in the nighttime sky. I've seen petitions from space hotels and tourist attractions whose proposed operations include ejecting their trash into the void of space and creating orbiting trash heaps. In fact, I just read a proposal yesterday from a company that wants to turn space into a mausoleum by launching the deceased into orbit. Can you imagine our telecommunications satellites colliding with dead bodies? Last week, I had a billionaire CEO in my office who was petitioning to launch a mission to a near-field asteroid, drag it clos er to earth, and mine it for precious minerals. I actually had to remind this guy that dragging asteroids into near earth orbit posed potential risks of global catastrophe! Ms. Ashe, I can assure you, if this bill passes, the throngs of entrepreneurs rushing into space will not be rocket scientists. They will be entrepreneurs with deep pockets and shallow minds.† â€Å"Persuasive arguments,† Gabrielle said, â€Å"and I'm sure the senator would weigh those issues carefully if he ever found himself in a position to vote on the bill. Might I ask what any of this has to do with me?† Tench's gaze narrowed over her cigarette. â€Å"A lot of people stand to make a lot of money in space, and the political lobby is mounting to remove all restrictions and open the floodgates. The veto power of the office of the President is the only remaining barrier against privatization†¦ against complete anarchy in space.† â€Å"Then I commend Zach Herney for vetoing the bill.† â€Å"My fear is that your candidate would not be so prudent if elected.† â€Å"Again, I assume the senator would carefully weigh all the issues if he were ever in a position to pass judgment on the bill.† Tench did not look entirely convinced. â€Å"Do you know how much Senator Sexton spends on media advertising?† The question came out of left field. â€Å"Those figures are public domain.† â€Å"More than three million a month.† Gabrielle shrugged. â€Å"If you say so.† The figure was close. â€Å"That's a lot of money to spend.† â€Å"He's got a lot of money to spend.† â€Å"Yes, he planned well. Or rather, married well.† Tench paused to blow smoke. â€Å"It's sad about his wife, Katherine. Her death hit him hard.† A tragic sigh followed, clearly feigned. â€Å"Her death was not all that long ago, was it?† â€Å"Come to your point, or I'm leaving.† Tench let out a lung-shaking cough and reached for the burgeoning manila folder. She pulled out a small stack of stapled papers and handed them to Gabrielle. â€Å"Sexton's financial records.† Gabrielle studied the documents in astonishment. The records went back several years. Although Gabrielle was not privy to the internal workings of Sexton's finances, she sensed this data was authentic-banking accounts, credit card accounts, loans, stock assets, real estate assets, debts, capital gains and losses. â€Å"This is private data. Where did you get this?†

Career And Personal Experience Receiving Therapeutic...

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The Aeneid by Virgil - 636 Words

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Social Outcasts and Juvenile Deliquency Essay - 909 Words

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Service Management and Marketing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Service Management and Marketing. Answer: Introduction Differentiation is defined as a strategy of an organisation to get the customers to accept the products and pay for it and that helps the company to achieve competitive advantages. In order to gain competitive advantage the company changes the existing offering to the customers and creates a new one.Differentiation is defined as the perception of the customers. When the customers perceive a product from another company and that is more valuable then the company is differentiated. In the hospitality industry differentiation plays an important role. The huge competition in the industry encourages the organisation to go for differentiation. In order to differentiate a product in the market, a company focuses on important differentiators. The company focuses on highlighting the features of the products, time and the place when and where it can differentiate its products. The differentiation is initiated by the company through the link between the consumers the organisation. This is done by the organisation by customizing the product as per the demand of the customers(Gronroos, 2007). This is also done by the organisation through a great marketing scheme or through its brand image. The internal the external links of the company also bring differentiation in the organisation. This is done by the company with the help of its mix of products distribution. In this case, the favour of the distributor and the customer service is important. There are the ways or ideas that help to differentiate. The first idea is that achievement of the idea of differentiation. The second idea is that the organisation should attribute that the differentiation cannot be followed by the competitors in the market. The third important thing is the leadership. The credentials of the leaders establish faith in the customers. The fourth important point is to the idea of the positive psychological impact on the customers(Lee, 2014). The fifth idea is that the view and the experience of the customers should be taken into account. The view of the customer in the market determines the differentiation. The seventh point that hospitality industry should focus is on the process of the preparation of the products. The eighth point or idea is that the organisation should focus on the latest the greatest offerings and that determines the differentiation. The last one is hotness. The word of mouth of the customers becomes effective for the spread of hot ness. Levels of differentiations There are different types of levels of differentiations. The differentiation level of merchandise is different from that of differentiation level of support. A system-buy differentiation occurs when the offering shows the high level of merchandise support differentiation. In a hospitality industry service to the customers is a major concern. Let us take an example of a luxury hotel that provides home delivery. The level of the merchandise of the hotel is high as it a luxurious hotel. If it's support level i.e., home delivery 8is low then it is called a product-buy. When the support level and the merchandise level are low then it is called a commodity-buy. A service-buy is a differentiation when the level of merchandise is low and the level of support is very high(Aaker, 2011). The restaurant of normal size offers excellent home delivery for 24 hours. The objective of the differentiation is to draw the customers to its products against the characteristics based competition instead of the price that is visible to the customers(Page, 2009). Differentiation proves to sustain the better performance than the managers cost leadership strategy. The manager of a restaurant prefers to opt for the cost leadership strategies as it becomes less risk unpredictable. Issues related to the differentiation The organisation faces hurdles dilemmas during the time it implements strategies of the differentiation. These strategies are: Collaboration Control History Vision Collaboration is considered a hindrance to the optimal success. Too many people in the process of the differentiation make the things difficult. Innovation does not require too many rules unwanted paper work. It is always true that a little control cannot result effectively (Vitez, 2017). The organisation should not look the past too much. But the past is very important and we cannot avoid completely as the past experience gives opportunities to get the advantage. Vision is important for the organisation so that it can make good innovation. But too much vision can bring tough situations for the organisation because it faces difficulties when the market changes. There are different means and ways to assess the effects of the differentiation. The company comes to know the success of the differentiation for the improvement of the quality service through the survey. The differentiation for the economic benefits is assessed from the return on the investment rates(Pine Gilmore, 2011). The approved patents prove the success of the launch of the new products through differentiation. The inventory can reflect the differentiation that has been meant for the successful improvement of the delivery system. Ways to differentiate The differentiation can be made in three different ways. They are reversal, breakaway hostility. Reversal differentiation means when the competition goes forward that adds speed the organisation decides to make a stop go backwards. This happens when the organisation launches some extravagance that makes the company remain in a differentiated position. Breakaway differentiation refers to the introduction of an offering to a category that is different instead of bringing a simple modification of the products. In the hospitality industry, we find that the organisation launches the products to compete with a slight change in the product. The organisation gives the customers an alternative. Hostility refers to admit the flaws. This is not easy appealing. This model elicits powerful feelings. The organisation requires knowing about the merits and demerits of the competition. There are five forces that play the crucial role in the competition of the hospitality industry. They are the buyer, supplier, competitor, substitute and the potential entrant(Silva, 2014). The hospitality industry uses three strategies such focus, cost leadership differentiation.Differentiation is perceived as unique. It focuses on brand loyalty than price. To sustain in the market the organisation takes steps. In the first step, the company requires finding out the category of products and whether the product is ripe for differentiation. The step should be taken taking all these points into consideration(Banker, et al., 2014). The second step is to identify whether the differentiation is required for product or service. In the hospitality industry products and services are equally important. The success of the business depends on both the product and the services of the hotel or the restaurants. Th e organisation should identify the differentiation required for its competitive growth.Thirds step is that it should ensure the difference. The organisation that brings differentiation strategically should exhibit the difference that has brought though it's differentiation(Tzortzaki, 2014). The proof will be very credentials and proof is required as without proof differentiation has not been achieved.The fourth step is the most crucial step for the differentiation strategy for the hospitality industry. Communication plays an important role. The customers are required to be communicated about thedifferentiation. Without communication, the better offerings will be useless. Conclusion For differentiation, it is to find out the buyers. The individual should be focused. The value chain of the buyers is required to be assessed.The purchasing ability of the buyers should also be taken into account. The present future differentiation sources should be examined and the cost for its should be made taking buyers ability into consideration Bibliography Aaker, D., 2011. Brand relevance: making competitors irrelevant. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Banker, R., Mashruwala, R. Tripathy, A., 2014. . Does a differentiation strategy lead to more sustainable financial performance than a cost leadership strategy?. Management Decison, 52(5), pp. 872-896. Barney, J., 2007. Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage.. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Gronroos, C., 2007. Service management and marketing: customer management in service competition. Chichester: Wiley. Lee, S., 2014. Quality differentiation and conditional spatial price competition among hotels. Tourism Management, Volume 46, pp. 114-122. Page, J., 2009. Transport and tourism: global perspectives. 3rd ed. Harlow: Pearson Prentice Hall. Pine, J. Gilmore, J., 2011. The Experience Economy. Harvard Business Review Press. Silva, R., 2014. Multimarket contact, differentiation, and prices of chain hotels. Tourism Management, 48, pp. 305-315., Volume 48, pp. 305-315. Tzortzaki, A., 2014. Knowledge-based strategies for managers in the service sector.. Management Research Review, 37, 10, pp. 858-879, 37(10), pp. 858-879. Vitez, O., 2017. Decision Making in Business Ethics. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/decision-making-business-ethics-446.html

Stonehenge Essay Questions Example For Students

Stonehenge Essay Questions Despite the many purposes it seems to serve, Stonehenge is still the embodiment of mystery for most of the world. Some believe that its purpose was to be used as an astronomical observatory. Others think that it was used as a religious meeting center for the Druids. However, no one has been able to prove its true meaning and existence. Stonehenge is believed to have been built in three main periods. The first took place between 3100 and 2700 B. C. This part of the construction consisted of building a huge ditch around the area in which Stonehenge was to be built Castleden 1. We will write a custom essay on Stonehenge Questions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This ditch was 320 ft. in diameter with a broken area in which the entrance is located. Just inside the ditch 56 holes were dug equal distance from each other. These holes were then filled with chalk rubble, but some of the holes were filled with the bones of cremated human beings. These holes were called the Aubrey holes after their discoverer John Aubrey. To the northeast of the ditch a 16ft. tall heel stone was erected Brown 751. The second phase of the building is non-existent to this day Warwick and Trump I t can however be inferred by to holes known as the Q and R holes. The two holes form a double circle around the monument. It was originally filled with 38 blue stones. Also during this building phase two ditches were dug parallel to each other. The two ditches go outward from the entrance. This part of the building process is believed to be unfinished. This thought is due to the fact that some holes are missing in the double circles Brown 751. The third phase in building is the most spectacular of all the phases. This is because of the 100ft. Circle that is filled with 30 sarsen stone columns which weighs 25 tons separately. A continuous circle of lintel stones held in place by mortise and tenon joints tops them off. Inside the circle is the holes known as the X and Y holes. Also inside are a small horseshoe shape of bluestones. The largest bluestone is called the altar stone. This altar stones original location and meaning is unknown. It now lies under two fallen trilithon stone. The builders of this age of Stonehenge are the Wessex culture of the early Bronze Age Brown 752. Those who constructed Stonehenge may never be known. There are many myths and legends as to who really built the huge monument. On such myth is that the great magician Merlin built Stonehenge. This was claimed in the book History of the Kings of Britains written by Geoffrey of Monmouth. According to Geoffrey the huge stones were taken from Ireland and moved to England where they were marked as a burial ground for slain British princes. This monument was set up by King Ambrosius. He sent for Merlin to give him a monument. Merlin suggested the Dance of the Giants in Ireland. However the Irish were not going to give up their monument without a fight. They had set up an army to defend the giant monument from King Ambrosiuss army of soldiers sent to fetch the monument. The British defeated the Irish but could not budge the giant stones in any way, shape, or form. Merlin, however, could. He came to their rescue and moved the stones with the greatest of ease. This story was a good explanation to all medieval believers.